Publications

2021

• Y a-t-il de la discrimination à l’embauche selon le sexe parmi les candidatures d’origine maghrébine ?
  
  • Arnoult Emilie
  • Ruault Marie-Odile
  • Valat Emmanuel
  • Villedieu Pierre
  • Breda Thomas
  • Jacquemet Nicolas
  • Laouenan Morgane
  • Rathelot Roland
  • Safi Mirna
  • Sultan Parraud Joyce
  • Allegre Amélie
  • Bagramova Anna
  • Bouvier Frédérique
  • Foroni Fabrice
  • Ftoh Fennane Sara
  • Huet Isabelle
  • Kozma Bianka
  • Medaghri Alaoui Amine
  • Tekle Elshaday
  , 2021. Au cours de l’année 2020, 9 600 candidatures fictives ont été envoyées à des offres d’emploi réelles. Ces candidatures, de qualité comparable, se distinguent par le sexe et l’origine des candidats qui sont suggérés par leurs noms et prénoms. Parmi les candidatures d’origine supposée maghrébine, les femmes reçoivent davantage de réponses positives que leurs homologues masculins (+10 %). Si les femmes sont favorisées sur les métiers masculinisés, la faveur dont elles bénéficient est réduite pour les métiers mixtes. Par ailleurs, les inégalités entre les deux groupes disparaissent pour les métiers en tension. Concernant les candidatures débutantes et plus âgées (âgées de 23 à 30 ans et de 48 à 55 ans) ou sur des métiers peu qualifiés, la plus grande attention portée aux candidatures féminines disparaît et les femmes obtiennent des taux de rappel similaires à ceux des hommes. Parmi les candidatures où ne figure aucune information sur leur situation familiale et l’inactivité, le taux de rappel des femmes est supérieur à celui des hommes. En revanche, préciser explicitement sur le CV le fait d’être célibataire ou en couple, d’avoir des enfants ou bien d’avoir récemment connu une période d’inactivité atténue le bénéfice accordé aux candidates.
• Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
  
  • Ellwardt Lea
  • Präg Patrick
  Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2021, 11 (1), pp.15958. Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures by governments have upended the economic and social lives of many, leading to widespread psychological distress. We explore heterogeneity in trajectories of psychological distress during the pandemic in the United Kingdom and relate this heterogeneity to socio-demographic and health factors. We analyze nine waves of longitudinal, nationally representative survey data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ( $$N=15{,}914$$ N = 15 , 914 ), covering the period from early 2020 to mid-2021. First, latent class mixture modelling is used to identify trajectories of psychological distress. Second, associations of the trajectories with covariates are tested with multinomial logistic regressions. We find four different trajectories of distress: continuously low, temporarily elevated, repeatedly elevated, and continuously elevated distress. Nearly two fifths of the population experienced severely elevated risks of distress during the pandemic. Long-term distress was highest among younger people, women, people living without a partner, those who had no work or lost income, and those with previous health conditions or COVID-19 symptoms. Given the threat of persistent stress on health, policy measures should be sensitized to the unintended yet far-reaching consequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions. (10.1038/s41598-021-95490-w)
  DOI : 10.1038/s41598-021-95490-w
• The combined effect of Covid-19 and neighbourhood deprivation on two dimensions of subjective well-being: Empirical evidence from England
  
  • Bonomi Bezzo Franco
  • Silva Laura
  • van Ham Maarten
  PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2021, 16. Objectives The Covid-19 pandemic is hitting societies hard, and people living in disadvantaged circumstances are among the most affected. We investigate the combined effects of the Covid-19 crisis and living in a deprived neighbourhood on two dimensions of subjective well-being: hedonic (i.e. mental health) and evaluative (i.e. life satisfaction) subjective well-being. Methods We use longitudinal data from the Understanding Society UK panel. We combine data gathered in the main survey between 2015 and 2019 with very recent data from the Covid-19 online survey between April and July 2020. Leveraging a sample of nearly 9,600 English individuals, we first run a set of cross-sectional OLS regressions to analyse changes over time in the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and subjective well-being. Then, as our main model of interest, we use a fixed effect difference-indifferences model to provide more robust evidence. Results Since the beginning of the crisis, both levels of hedonic and evaluative well-being have decreased as a result of the pandemic and lockdown. However, for those living in more deprived neighbourhoods the level of hedonic well-being decreased more than for those living in better areas. We found no such difference for evaluative well-being. Conclusion Our results highlight the importance of reducing neighbourhood inequalities as the spatial clustering of disadvantages has increased by the pandemic. (10.1371/journal.pone.0255156)
  DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0255156
• Sibling Similarity in Education Across and Within Societies
  
  • Grätz Michael
  • Barclay Kieron
  • Wiborg Øyvind
  • Lyngstad Torkild
  • Karhula Aleksi
  • Erola Jani
  • Präg Patrick
  • Laidley Thomas
  • Conley Dalton
  Demography, Springer Verlag, 2021, 58 (3), pp.1011-1037. Abstract The extent to which siblings resemble each other measures the omnibus impact of family background on life chances. We study sibling similarity in cognitive skills, school grades, and educational attainment in Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We also compare sibling similarity by parental education and occupation within these societies. The comparison of sibling correlations across and within societies allows us to characterize the omnibus impact of family background on education across social landscapes. Across countries, we find larger population-level differences in sibling similarity in educational attainment than in cognitive skills and school grades. In general, sibling similarity in education varies less across countries than sibling similarity in earnings. Compared with Scandinavian countries, the United States shows more sibling similarity in cognitive skills and educational attainment but less sibling similarity in school grades. We find that socioeconomic differences in sibling similarity vary across parental resources, countries, and measures of educational success. Sweden and the United States show greater sibling similarity in educational attainment in families with a highly educated father, and Finland and Norway show greater sibling similarity in educational attainment in families with a low-educated father. We discuss the implications of our results for theories about the impact of institutions and income inequality on educational inequality and the mechanisms that underlie such inequality. (10.1215/00703370-9164021)
  DOI : 10.1215/00703370-9164021
• Educational Inequalities in Labor Market Exit of Older Workers in 15 European Countries
  
  • Mäcken Jana
  • Präg Patrick
  • Hess Moritz
  • Ellwardt Lea
  Journal of Social Policy, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2021, 51 (2), pp.435-459. Abstract This article examines country differences in the association between education and voluntary or involuntary labor market exit and whether these country differences map onto institutional characteristics of the countries. Work exit is defined as involuntary or voluntary based on the reasons of exit. Four different types of institutional factors, push and pull , aiming for an earlier work exit and need and maintain factors to retain older workers in employment are considered. Using data from 15 European countries from the longitudinal Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), discrete-time event history models with a categorical outcome are estimated for each country separately. In a second step, we add macro-level indicators and conduct meta-analyses to analyze country differences. Results show that in almost all countries a social gradient in involuntary work exit exists but not in voluntary exit. Lower-educated workers are more likely to involuntarily exit the labor market. Institutional factors, especially those supporting older workers’ retention in employment, are associated with a smaller social gradient in work exit. Our findings suggest that investments in active labor market expenditures, especially in lifelong learning and rehabilitation for lower educated workers, may help to reduce the social gradient in involuntary work exit. (10.1017/S0047279421000258)
  DOI : 10.1017/S0047279421000258
• Does downward social mobility make people more hostile towards immigrants?
  
  • Paskov Marii
  • Präg Patrick
  • Richards Lindsay
  Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Elsevier, 2021, 72, pp.100543. (10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100543)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100543
• Intergenerational social mobility and health in Russia: Mind over matter?
  
  • Gugushvili Alexi
  • Präg Patrick
  Advances in Life Course Research, Elsevier, 2021, 47, pp.100390. (10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100390)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100390
• Subjective social mobility and health in Germany
  
  • Präg Patrick
  • Gugushvili Alexi
  European Societies, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2021, 23 (4), pp.464-486. (10.1080/14616696.2021.1887916)
  DOI : 10.1080/14616696.2021.1887916